COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND GROSS ANATOMICAL STUDIES ON THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR AND SUPRAORBITAL REGIONS OF ONE-HUMPED CAMEL (CAMELUS DROMEDARIUS)

Tempro-orbital anatomy in Camel

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the detailed surgical anatomy of the temporomandibular and supraorbital regions in camels using anatomical dissection and computed tomography (CT) scanning. The study aimed to provide precise anatomical descriptions and assess the feasibility of surgical interventions within the orbital cavity via the orbital fossa.
Twelve camel skulls and three fresh cadaveric heads of adult camels were procured from the faculty’s morgue and a local abattoir, respectively. Descriptive anatomy of the skull and surgical anatomy of the temporo-orbital region were meticulously examined. Additionally, computed tomography of the heads was conducted to augment the dataset. Results were systematically documented to evaluate the applicability, feasibility, and safety of the orbital fossa approach to the orbital cavity. The temporal fossa of the camel was found to be significantly expansive, extending rostrally to a sizable orbital fossa. The external lining of the orbital fossa comprised skin and a subjacent thick fascia. Notably, no essential muscles or vital structures were identified. The posterior orbital cavity housed a substantial periorbital fat mass, and upon its removal, clear and safe visual access to the ocular structures was achieved, facilitating ease of approach. The orbital fossa approach was determined to be feasible and safe, enabling the performance of various surgical procedures, including enucleation, exenteration, periorbital tumor removal, prosthetic implantation, and other interventions. This approach promises enhanced cosmetic outcomes in the execution of such procedures.

Računalniška tomografija in grobe anatomske študije temporomandibularnega in supraorbitalnega področja enogrbe kamele (Camelus dromedarius)

Izvleček: Cilj študije je bil raziskati podrobno kirurško anatomijo temporomandibularnega in supraorbitalnega področja pri kamelah z anatomsko disekcijo in računalniško tomografijo (CT). Namen študije je bil zagotoviti natančne anatomske opise in oceniti izvedljivost kirurških posegov v očesni votlini prek očesne jame. Iz fakultetne secirnice in lokalne klavnice smo pridobili dvanajst kameljih lobanj in tri sveže kadavrske glave. Skrbno smo pregledali opisno anatomijo lobanje in kirurško anatomijo temporo-orbitalne regije. Poleg tega smo opravili računalniško tomografijo glav, da bi se povečal nabor podatkov. Rezultate smo sistematično dokumentirali za oceno uporabnosti, izvedljivosti in varnosti pristopa v očesno votlino iz očesne jame. Ugotovili smo, da je senčnična jama kamele precej velika in se razteza rostralno do obsežne očesne jame. Zunanja stena očesne jame je sestavljena iz kože in pod njo ležeče debele fascije. Pri tem nismo ugotovili pomembnih mišic ali vitalnih struktur. V zadnjem delu očnice se je nahajala obsežna orbitalna maščobna masa, po njeni odstranitvi pa smo dosegli jasen in varen vizualni dostop do očesnih struktur, kar je olajšalo pristop. Pristop iz očesne jame je izvedljiv in varen ter omogoča izvajanje različnih kirurških posegov, vključno z enukleacijo, eksenteracijo, odstranitvijo periorbitalnega tumorja, implantacijo proteze in drugimi posegi. Ta pristop obeta boljše estetske rezultate pri izvajanju takšnih posegov.

Ključne besede: enukleacija; kamela; kirurgija orbite; senčna jama