THE EFFECT OF TANNIN SUPPLEMENTATION OF MID-LACTATION DAIRY COWS DIETS ON METABOLIC PROFILE PARAMETERS AND PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26873/SVR-552-2019Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of using tannin supplement in ration for mid-lactation dairy cows (90±17 days in milk) and the number of lactation on metabolic profile parameters values. Additionally, the effect of tannin supplementation on cows’ production characteristics in the 2nd lactation was evaluated. Research was conducted on 80 Holstein cows divided into two groups of 40 cows (control and experimental group) that included 16 cows in 2nd and 12 in 3rd and 4th lactation. The tannin supplement Tanimil SCC (40 g/cow/day; 40% of tannins) was added in the total mixed ration (TMR) of experimental group, while the control group of cows was fed ration without the tannin supplement. The trial lasted 60 days. Dairy cows, fed diet supplemented with tannin, had markedly lower values (P<0.05) of ß-hydroxybutyrate concentration (0.79 vs. 0.96 mmol/L) and lower blood urea concentration (5.89 vs. 6.93 mmol/L). Difference in the blood glucose concentrations (3.92 vs. 3.89 mmol/L) was not significant. The lactation number had no significant effect on values of metabolic profile parameters (concentration of glucose, ß-hydroxybutyrate and urea). The effect of interaction of lactation number and tannin supplement on the values of examined parameters of metabolic profile was not significant. Supplementation of tannin in the diet for cows in the second lactation, had a positive effect (P><0.05) on the milk yield (4.42%) and yield of 4% fat corrected milk (FCM, 5.24%). The use of tannin, improved concentration (3.20 vs. 3.12%) and yield (from 1.16 to 1.24 kg/day) of milk protein (P><0.05). Addition of tannin also improved concentration and yield of milk fat, as well as the concentration of lactose. The supplementation of Tanimil SCC to mid-lactation dairy cows had a positive impacts on reduction of blood content of ß-hydroxybutyrate and urea, and improved productive performances of cows in the second lactation. Key words: tannins; lactating cows; nutrition; metabolic profile; milk yield and composition><0.05) of ß-hydroxybutyrate concentration (0.79 vs. 0.96 mmol/L) and lower blood urea concentration (5.89 vs. 6.93 mmol/L). Difference in the blood glucose concentrations (3.92 vs. 3.89 mmol/L) was not significant. The lactation number had no significant effect on values of metabolic profile parameters (concentration of glucose, ß-hydroxybutyrate and urea). The effect of interaction of lactation number and tannin supplement on the values of examined parameters of metabolic profile was not significant. Supplementation of tannin in the diet for cows in the second lactation, had a positive effect (P<0.05) on the milk yield (4.42%) and yield of 4% fat corrected milk (FCM, 5.24%). The use of tannin, improved concentration (3.20 vs. 3.12%) and yield (from 1.16 to 1.24 kg/day) of milk protein (P<0.05). Addition of tannin also improved concentration and yield of milk fat, as well as the concentration of lactose. The supplementation of Tanimil SCC to mid-lactation dairy cows had a positive impacts on reduction of blood content of ß-hydroxybutyrate and urea, and improved productive performances of cows in the second lactation.
Key words: tannins; lactating cows; nutrition; metabolic profile; milk yield and composition
UČINEK PREHRANSKEGA DODATKA S TANINOM V PREHRANI KRAV SREDI LAKTACIJE NA PARAMETRE PRESNOVNEGA PROFILA IN NJIHOVE PROIZVODNE LASTNOSTI
Povzetek: Cilj študije je bil proučiti učinek dodajanja tanina v obroku pri kravah molznicah sredi laktacije (90 ± 17 dni v mleku) in števila dojenj telet na nekatere parametre presnovnega profila. Poleg tega je bil ovrednoten tudi učinek dodajanja tanina na proizvodne lastnosti krav v drugi laktaciji. Raziskave so bile izvedene pri 80 kravah pasme Holstein, razdeljenih v dve skupini po 40 krav (kontrolna in poskusna skupina), ki so vključevale 16 krav v 2. in 12 v 3. in 4. laktaciji. Dodatek tanina Tanimil SCC (40 g/kravo/dan; 40 % taninov) je bil dodan v skupni mešani obrok (TMR) poskusne skupine, medtem ko je bila kontrolna skupina krav krmljena brez dodatka tanina. Poskus je trajal 60 dni. Krave molznice, hranjene s krmo z dodanimi tanini, so imele izrazito nižje vrednosti (P < 0,05) koncentracije β-hidroksibutirata (0,79 v primerjavi z 0,96 mmol/L) in nižjo koncentracijo sečnine v krvi (5,89 v primerjavi z 6,93 mmol/L). Razlika v koncentraciji glukoze v krvi (3,92 v nasprotju z 3,89 mmol/L) ni bila statistično značilna. Dojenje ni značilno vplivalo na vrednosti parametrov presnovnega profila (koncentracije glukoze, β-hidroksibutirata in sečnine). Medsebojni vpliv števila laktacij in dodatka tanina na vrednosti pregledanih parametrov presnovnega profila ni bil statistično značilen. Dopolnilo tanina v krmi krav v drugi laktaciji je imelo pozitiven učinek (P < 0,05) na mlečnost (4,42 %) in na količino mleka s popravljeno vrednostjo 4-odstotne maščobe (FCM, 5,24%). Uporaba tanina je izboljšala koncentracijo beljakovin (3,20 v primerjavi z 3,12%) in izkoristek mlečnih beljakovin (od 1,16 do 1,24 kg/dan) (P < 0,05). Dodatek tanina je izboljšal tudi koncentracijo in izkupiček mlečne maščobe ter koncentracijo laktoze. Dodatek Tanimila SCC kravam na sredini laktacije je pozitivno vplival na znižanje vsebnosti β-hidroksibutirata in sečnine v krvi ter izboljšal produktivnost krav v drugi laktaciji.
Ključne besede: tanini; krave v laktaciji; prehrana; presnovni profil; mlečnost in sestava mleka
References
(1.) Dey A, De PS. Influence of condensed tannins from Ficus bengalensis leaves on feed utilization, milk production and antioxidant status of crossbred cows. Asian-Australasian J Anim Sci 2014; 27: 342–8.
(2.) Henke A, Dickhoefer U, Westreicher-Kristen E, et al. Effect of dietary Quebracho tannin extract on feed intake, digestibility, excretion of urinary purine derivatives and milk production in dairy cows. Arch Anim Nutr 2017; 71: 37–53.
(3.) Frutos P, Hervás G, Giráldez FJ, Mantecón AR. Review. Tannins and ruminant nutrition. Spanish J Agric Res 2004; 2: 191–202.
(4.) Patra AK, Saxena J. Exploitation of dietary tannins to improve rumen metabolism and ruminant nutrition. J Sci Food Agric 2011; 91: 24–37.
(5.) McSweeney CS, Palmer B, McNeill DM, Krause DO. Microbial interactions with tannins: nutritional consequences for ruminants. Anim Feed Sci Tech 2001; 91: 83–93.
(6.) Krempaský M, Maskaľová I, Bujňák L, Vajda V. Ketone bodies in blood of dairy cows: prevalence and monitoring of subclinical ketosis. Acta Vet Brno 2014; 83: 411–6.
(7.) Lager K, Jordan E. The metabolic profile for the modern transition dairy cow. In: The Mid-South Ruminant Nutrition Conference. Grapevine, Texas, 2012: 9–16.
(8.) Broderick GA, Clayton MK. A statistical evaluation of animal and nutritional factors influencing concentrations of milk urea nitrogen. J Dairy Sci 1997; 80: 2964–71.
(9.) Szczechowiak J, Szkudelska K, Szumacher-Strabel M, et al. Blood hormones, metabolic parameters and fatty acid proportion in dairy cows fed condensed tannins and oils blend. Ann Anim Sci 2018; 18: 155–66.
(10.) Wang Y, Douglas GB, Waghorn GC, Barry TN, Foote AG. Effect of condensed tannins in Lotus corniculatus upon lactation performance in ewes. J Agr Sci 1996; 126: 353–62.
(11.) Soltan MA. Rumen fermentation characteristics and lactation performance in dairy cows fed different rumen protected soybean meal products. Pakistan J Nutr 2009; 8: 695–703.
(12.) Anantasook N, Wanapat M, Cherdthong A, Gunun P. Effect of tannins and saponins in Samanea saman on rumen environment, milk yield and milk composition in lactating dairy cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 2015; 99: 335–44.
(13.) Huang Q, Liu X, Zhao G, Hu T, Wang Y. Potential and challenges of tannins as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for farm animal production. Anim Nutr 2018; 4(2): 137–50.
(14.) Benchaar C, Chouinard PY. Assessment of the potential of cinnamaldehyde, condensed tannins, and saponins to modify milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92: 3392–6.
(15.) Aguerre MJ, Capozzolo MC, Lencioni P, Cabral C, Wattiaux MA. Effect of quebracho-chestnut tannin extracts at 2 dietary crude protein levels on performance, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen partitioning in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99: 4476–86.
(16.) Broderick GA, Grabber JH, Muck RE, Hymes-Fecht UC. Replacing alfalfa silage with tannin-containing birdsfoot trefoil silage in total mixed rations for lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100: 3548–62.
(17.) NRC. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 7th rev. ed. Washington : National Academy Press, 2001. https://books.google.rs/books?ISBN=0309515211
(18.) AOAC International. Official methods of analysis. 17th ed. Arlington : AOAC International, 2002.
(19.) ICAR. International Committee for Animal Recording. Analytical methods used in milk recording, 2005. https://www.icar.org/documents/milk_laboratories_leray/list_analytical_methods_in_milk_recording.pdf
(20.) SPSS. PASW statistics 18 software. Demo version of software 2016. Hong Kong : SPSS, 2009. https://www.spss.com/Registration/premium/consol056.cfm? Demo_id=37
(21.) Kaneko JJ, Harvey JW, Bruss ML. Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals. 5th ed. San Diego : Academic Press, 1997.
(22.) Radostitis OM, Gay CC, Blood DC, Hinchkliff KW, Constable PD. Rumen acidosis. In: Veterinary medicine: a textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats. 10th ed. London : Saunders Elsevier, 2007: 314–25.
(23.) Ospina PA, Nydam DV, Stokol T, Overton TR. Evaluation of nonesterified fatty acids and B-hydroxibutirate in transition dairy cattle in the northeastern United States: critical thresholds for prediction of clinical diseases. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93: 546–54.
(24.) Bjerre-Harpøth V, Friggens NC, Thorup VM, et al. Metabolic and production profiles of dairy cows in response to decreased nutrient density to increase physiological imbalance at different stages of lactation. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95: 2362–80.
(25.) Allam AM, Nagadi SA, Bakhashwain AA, Sallam SMA. Impact of sub-tropical grass grown in arid region on methane emission, milk yield and composition in dairy cows. Food Agric Environ 2013; 11: 620–5.
(26.) Mabjeesh SJ, Galindez J, Kroll O, Arieli A. The effect of roasting nonlinted whole cottonseedon milk production by dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2000; 83: 2557–63.
(27.) Sarker MSK, Islam MA, Huque KS, Sarker NR, Hossain MM, Bhuiyan AA. Effect of genotype and lactation on milk urea nitrogen, blood urea nitrogen and milk composition of dairy cows. Bangladesh J Livest Res 2012; 19: 74–84.
(28.) Roussel, JD, Rahmanian MS, Guthrie LD, Musgrave SD. Effects of lactation on various blood parameters in Holstein cows. I. Serum protein and protein fractions. Prof Anim Sci 1988; 4: 9–15.
(29.) Prpić Z, KonjaÄić M, VnuÄec J, Ramljak J, Ivanković A. Nehranidbeni Äimbenici sadržaja ureje u mleku. StoÄarstvo 2005; 59: 173–87.
(30.) Oetzel GR. Monitoring and testing dairy herds for metabolic diseases. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2004; 20: 651–74.
(31.) Wanapat M, Puramongkon T, Siphuak W. Feeding of cassava hay for lactating dairy cows. Asian-Aus J Anim Sci 2000; 13: 478–82.
(32.) Garg MR, Sherasia PL, Bhanderi BM, Gulati SK, Scot TW. Effect of feeding rumen protected protein on milk production in low yielding crossbred cows. Anim Nutr Feed Technol 2005; 5: 1–18.
(33.) Sharma BK, Erdman RA. Abomasal infusion of choline and methionine with or without 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol for lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1988; 71: 2406–11.
(34.) Attia MFA, Nour El-Din ANM, El-Zarkouny SZ, El-Zaiat HM, Zeitoun MM, Sallam SMA. Impact of Quebracho tannins supplementation on productive and reproductive efficiency of dairy cows. Open J Anim Sci 2016; 6: 269–88.
(35.) Joksimović Todorović M, Davidović V. Changes in white blood pictures and some biochemical parameters of dairy cows in peripartum period and early lactation. Mljekarstvo 2012; 62: 151–8.
(36.) Kirovski D, Šamanc H, Prodanović R. Procena energetskog statusa krava na osnovu koncentracije masti, proteina i uree u mleku. Vet Glasn 2012; 66: 97–110.
(37.) OreÅ¡nik A. Uticaj ishrane na proizvodnju i sastav mleka, zdravstveno stanje i plodnost visokomleÄnih krava. In: Clinica Veterinaria 2009: zbornik radova XI. regionalnog savetovanja iz kliniÄke patologije i terapije životinja. Subotica, 2009: 27–36.
(38.) Stoop WM, Bovenhuis H, Heck JML, van Arendonk JAM. Effect of lactation stage and energy status on milk fat composition of Holstein-Friesian cows. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92: 1469–78.
(39.) Grainger C, Clarke T, Auldist MJ, et al. Potential use of Acacia mearnsii condensed tannins to reduce methane emissions and nitrogen excretion from grazing dairy cows. Can J Anim Sci 2009; 89: 241–51.
