MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF AVIAN POX VIRUS ISOLATED FROM PET BIRDS AND COMMERCIAL FLOCKS, IN IRAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26873/SVR-366-2018Abstract
Avian pox (AP) is a viral disease with a wide host range. The aim of the study was molecular identification and characterization of field isolated pox virus from pet birds and commercial flocks in Iran, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Scab materials of skin and mucosal lesions were collected from five clinically affected cases. PCR was used to amplify a 578 bp fragment of the poxvirus 4b core protein. In order to determine the genetic relationships among the viruses, this conserved poxvirus genetic region was sequenced and analyzed. The Iranian Avipoxvirus isolates in this study grouped in clade A1 (commercial chicken and turkey flocks) and B1 (canary). Further studies on a larger scale need to be developed to have a better understanding of the molecular characterization of the Iranian APV strains.
Key words: avian pox; phylogenetic analysis; molecular characterization; Iran
MOLEKULARNA KARAKTERIZACIJA IN FILOGENETSKA ANALIZA AVIARNEGA VIRUSA POX, IZOLIRANEGA PRI PETIH VRSTAH PTIC V KOMERICIALNIH JATAH V IRANU
Povzetek: Osepnice ptic (AP, iz angl. avian pox) so virusna bolezen, ki lahko okužijo veliko različnih vrst ptic. Cilj predstavljene raziskave je bila molekularna identifikacija in karakterizacija izoliranih virusov pox, pridobljenih iz krast ljubiteljskih ptic in farmskih ptic v Iranu, s pomočjo metode PCR. Vzorci krast s področja sprememb na koži in sluznicah je bil zbran pri petih pacientih s kliničnimi znaki bolezni. S pomočjo metode PCR je bil pomnožen 578 baznih parov dolg odsek gena poxvirusa 4b. To ohranjeno območje poxvirusa je pomembno za določitev genskih razmerij med virusi, zato je bilo doloćeno zaporedje DNK za nadaljne analize. Iranska izolata Avipoxvirusa objavljena v tej študiji sta bila razvrščena v razred A1 (komercialne piščančje in puranje jate) in B1 (kanarčki). Za boljše razumevanje molekularne karakterizacije iranskih sevov virusa AP bo potrebno opraviti nadaljnje študije.
Ključne besede: osepnice ptic; filogenetska analiza; molekularna karakterizacija; Iran
References
(1) Knipe DM, Howley PM. Fields virology. 6th ed. Philadelphia : Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health, 2013.
(2) OIE. Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. 6th ed. Paris : Office International des Epizooties, 2008: 1092–106.
(3) Fasaei N, Madadgar B, Langeroodi OA, Ghafari M. Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Avipoxvirus strains isolated from different bird species. Iranian J Vet Res 2014; 15(1): 40–4.
(4) Manarolla G, Pisoni G, Sironi G, Rampin T. Molecular biological characterization of avian poxvirus strains isolated from different avian species. Vet Microbiol 2010; 140(1): 1–8.
(5) Pérez-Tris J, Williams R, Abel-Fernández E, et al. A multiplex PCR for detection of poxvirus and papillomavirus in cutaneous warts from live birds and museum skins. Avian Dis 2011; 55(4): 545–53.
(6) Ebrahimi M, Shahsavandi S, Masoudi S, Ghodsian N, Hablalvarid M, Hatami A. Development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction for differential diagnosis of canary pox virus. Iranian J Virol 2014; 6(3): 19–23.
(7) Jarmin S, Manvell R, Gough RE, Laidlaw SM, Skinner MA. Avipoxvirus phylogenetics: identification of a PCR length polymorphism that discriminates between the two major clades. J Gen Virol 2006; 87(8): 2191–201.
(8) Gholami-Ahangaran M, Zia-Jahromi N, Namjoo A. Molecular detection of avian pox virus from nodular skin and mucosal fibrinonecrotic lesions of Iranian backyard poultry. Trop Anim Health Prod 2014; 46(2): 349–53.
(9) Lee LH, Lee KH. Application of the polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of fowl poxvirus infection. J Virol Methods 1997; 63(1): 113–9.
(10) Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 2011; 28(10): 2731–9.
(11) Offerman K, Carulei O, Gous T, Douglass AN, Williamson AL. Phylogenetic and histological variation in avipoxviruses isolated in South Africa. J Gen Virol 2013; 94(10): 2338–51.
(12) Kheirandish R, Askari N, Salehi M. Clinical and pathological findings of concurrent poxvirus lesions and aspergillosis infection in canaries. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3(3): 182–5.
(13) Illera JC, Emerson BC Richardson DS. Genetic characterization, distribution and prevalence of avian pox and avian malaria in the Berthelot's pipit (Anthus berthelottis) in Macaronesia. Parasitol Res 2008; 103: 1435–43.
(14) Gyuranecz M, Foster JT, Dan A, et al. Worldwide phylogenetic relationship of avian poxviruses. J Virol 2013; 87(9): 4938–51.