PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE DUODENUM OF RATS IN CASE OF SUBCHRONIC PERORAL ADMINISTRATION OF GADOLINIUM ORTHOVANADATE NANOPARTICLES AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF FOOD STRESS

Abstract

In our research, we were interested in the actual presence of adaptive or negative reactions in the wall of the small intestine of white rats under the influence of gadolinium orthovanadate nanoparticles in the range of doses (≈0.03-0.3 mg/kg of body weight) under conditions of food stress (due to an excess of fiber and lack of protein in the diet) and their degree of manifestation, since this type of ration disproportion occurs quite often in Ukraine. Nanoparticles of gadolinium orthovanadate have a significant potential for use in animal husbandry and poultry farming, as in the range of doses of 0.03-0.15 mg/kg of body weight, they prevent negative effects on the intestinal mucosa, even in conditions of feed stress. It has been established that administration of gadolinium orthovanadate nanoparticles in doses of 0.03 and 0.15 mg/kg of body weight to white rats with drinking water for 56 and 28 days, respectively, leads to activation of the mechanical and immunological barrier of the mucous membrane, as indicated by an increase goblet cells, hyperplasia of enterocytes of some crypts, thickening of villi and infiltration by lymphocytes of the own plate, which reach the control level 14 days after stopping their administration. However, increasing the dose of gadolinium orthovanadate nanoparticles to 0.3 mg/kg of body weight in conditions of food stress leads to the depletion of the adaptive capabilities of the intestinal mucosa and excessive activation of the immunological barrier, which were manifested by dystrophic changes from the 14^th day of administration, which deepened to the 56^th day and do not level off after 14 days after stopping administration.

PATOMORFOLOŠKE SPREMEMBE V DVANAJSTNIKU PODGAN OB SUBKRONIČNEM PERORALNEM DAJANJU NANODELCEV GADOLINIJEVEGA ORTOVANADATA OB PREHRANSKEM STRESU

Izvleček: V naši raziskavi nas je zanimala dejanska prisotnost prilagoditvenih ali negativnih reakcij v steni tankega črevesa belih podgan pod vplivom nanodelcev gadolinijevega ortovanadata v razponu odmerkov (≈ 0,03–0,3 mg/kg telesne teže) v pogojih prehranskega stresa (zaradi presežka vlaknin in pomanjkanja beljakovin v prehrani) in njihova stopnja izražanja, saj se tovrstna nesorazmernost obrokov v Ukrajini pogosto pojavlja. Nanodelci gadolinijevega ortovanadata imajo pomemben potencial za uporabo v živinoreji in perutninarstvu, saj v območju odmerkov 0,03–0,15 mg/kg telesne teže preprečujejo negativne učinke na črevesno sluznico tudi pri stresu zaradi krme. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da dajanje nanodelcev gadolinijevega ortovanadata v odmerkih 0,03 in 0,15 mg/kg telesne teže belim podganam s pitno vodo 56 oziroma 28 dni povzroči aktivacijo mehanske in imunološke pregrade sluznice, kar se kaže v povečanju števila čašastih celic, hiperplaziji enterocitov nekaterih kript, zadebelitvi resic in infiltraciji limfocitov, ki 14 dni po prenehanju dajanja dosežejo kontrolno raven. Vendar pa povečanje odmerka nanodelcev gadolinijevega ortovanadata na 0,3 mg/kg telesne teže pri prehranskem stresu povzroči izčrpavanje prilagoditvenih sposobnosti črevesne sluznice in pretirano aktivacijo imunološke pregrade, kar se je od 14. dneva dajanja pokazalo z distrofičnimi spremembami, ki so se poglobile do 56. dne in se po 14 dneh po prenehanju dajanja niso izravnale.

Ključne besede: redke zemeljske kovine; nanodelci gadolinijevega ortovanadata; patomorfološke spremembe; dvanajstnik; bele podgane; krmni stres