EVALUATION OF TRAUMA SCORING AND ENDOTHELIAL GLYCOCALYX INJURY IN CATS WITH HEAD TRAUMA

Kurtulus Parlak; Amir Naseri; Mustafa  Yalcin; Eyup Tolga Akyol; Mahmut Ok; Mustafa  Arican

doi:10.26873/SVR-1368-2022

Authors

Kurtulus Parlak Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, 42130, Konya, Turkey, Corresponding author, E-mail: kparlak@selcuk.edu.tr https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-037X
Amir Naseri Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, 42130, Konya, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9140-5879
Mustafa Yalcin Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, 42130, Konya, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5479-1165
Eyup Tolga Akyol Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balikesir University, 10145, Balikesir, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9775-7557
Mahmut Ok Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, 42130, Konya, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8210-6735
Mustafa Arican Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, 42130, Konya, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8180-135X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26873/SVR-1368-2022

Keywords:

animal trauma triage, cat, head trauma, modified Glasgow coma scale, endothelial glycocalyx

Abstract

This study aim to evaluate the modified Glasgow Coma Scale (mGCS) and Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) scores, labo- ratory variables, and prognostic features of trauma-induced endothelial glycocalyx injury in cats with head trauma. Twenty-five cats with head trauma and 10 healthy cats were evaluated in this study. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to measure the levels of syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin in the serum of the 25 cats with head trauma (within 48 hours) and the 10 healthy cats. In addition, mGCS scores, ATT scores, laboratory values, syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin levels were compared between the cats that survived following treatment and the cats that did not survive despite treatment. Syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin levels were not statistically different between healthy cats and cats with head trauma. In the cats with head trauma, the mGCS scoring system was found to be more sensitive than the ATT scoring system. In conclusion, syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin levels did not yield statistically significant results in the cats with head trauma.

VREDNOTENJE SISTEMA OCENJEVANJA TRAVME IN POŠKODB ENDOTELIJSKEGA GLIKOKALIKSA PRI MAČKAH S POŠKODBO GLAVE

Izvleček: Namen te študije je bil ovrednotiti spremenjeno glasgowsko lestvico kome (angl. Glasgow Coma Scale, GCS) in ocene ATT (Animal Trauma Triage), laboratorijske spremenljivke in prognostične značilnosti s travmo povzročene poškodbe endotelijskega glikokaliksa pri mačkah s poškodbo glave. V študijo je bilo vključenih 25 mačk s poškodbo glave in 10 zdravih mačk. Ravni sindekana-1 in trombomodulina v serumu 25 mačk s poškodbo glave (v 48 urah) in 10 zdravih mačk smo merili z encimsko imunoadsorpcijsko preiskavo (ELISA). Ocene mGCS, ocene ATT, laboratorijske vrednosti ter ravni sindekana-1 in trombomodulina smo primerjali med mačkami, ki so po zdravljenju preživele, in mačkami, ki kljub zdravljenju niso preživele. Vrednosti sindekana-1 in trombomodulina se med zdravimi mačkami in mačkami s poškodbo glave niso statistično razlikova- le. Pri mačkah s poškodbo glave se je sistem točkovanja mCGS izkazal za občutljivejšega od sistema točkovanja ATT. Zaklju- čili smo, da vrednosti sindekana-1 in trombomodulina pri mačkah s poškodbo glave niso statistično pomembne.

Ključne besede: triaža poškodb živali; mačka; poškodba glave; spremenjena glasgowska lestvica kome; endotelijski glikokaliks

References

● 1. Kolata RJ. Trauma in dogs and cats: an overview. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1980; 10: 515–22.

● 2. Rochlitz I. Study of factors that may predispose domestic cats to road traffic accidents: Part 2. Vet Rec 2003; 153(19): 585–8.

● 3. Vnuk D, Pirkić B, Matičić D, et al. Feline high-rise syndrome: 119 cases (1998–2001). J Feline Med Surg 2004; 6: 305–12.

● 4. Platt SR, Radaelli ST, McDonnell JJ. The prognostic value of the modified Glasgow coma scale in head trauma in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2001; 15: 581–4.

● 5. Rockar RA, Drobatz KS, Shofer FS. Development of a scoring system for the veterinary trauma patient. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 1994; 4: 77–83.

● 6. Shores A. Craniocerebral trauma. In: Kirk RW, ed. Current veterinary therapy X. Philadelphia : WB Saunders, 1983: 547–54.

● 7. Lapsley J, Hayes GM, Sumner JP. Performance evaluation and validation of the Animal Trauma Triage score and modified Glasgow coma scale in injured cats: a Veterinary Committee on Trauma registry study. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2019; 29: 478–83.

● 8. Midwinter MJ, Woolley T. Resuscitation and coagulation in the severely injured trauma patient. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci 2011; 366: 192–203.

● 9. Pierce A, Pittet JF. Inflammatory response to trauma: implications for coagulation and resuscitation. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2014; 27: 246–52.

● 10. Oyeniyi BT, Fox EE, Scerbo M, Tomasek JS, Wade CE, Holcomb JB. Trends in 1029 trauma deaths at a level 1 trauma center: Impact of a bleeding control bundle of care. Injury 2017; 48: 5–12.

● 11. Chignalia AZ, Yetimakman F, Christiaans SC, et al. The glycocalyx and trauma: a review. Shock 2016; 45: 338–48.

● 12. Johansson PI, Stensballe J, Ostrowski SR. Shock induced endotheliopathy (SHINE) in acute critical illness: a unifying pathophysiologic mechanism. Crit Care 2017; 21(1): e25. doi: 10.1186/s13054-017-1605-5.

● 13. Johansson PI, Henriksen HH, Stensballe J, et al. Traumatic endotheliopathy: a prospective observational study of 424 severely injured patients. Ann Surg 2017; 265: 597–603.

● 14. Lee WL, Slutsky AS. Sepsis and endothelial permeability. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 689–91.

● 15. Haywood-Watson RJ, Holcomb JB, Gonzalez EA, et al. Modulation of syndecan-1 shedding after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. PLoS One 2011; 6(8): e23530. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023530.

● 16. Sharma D, Holowaychuk MK. Retrospective evaluation of prognostic indicators in dogs with head trauma: 72 cases (January–March 2011). J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2015; 25: 631–9.

● 17. Kolias AG, Guilfoyle MR, Helmy A, Allanson J, Hutchinson PJ. Traumatic brain injury in adults. Pract Neurol 2013; 13: 228–35.

● 18. Currie S, Saleem N, Straiton JA, Macmullen-Price J, Warren DJ, Craven IJ. Imaging assessment of traumatic brain injury. Postgrad Med J 2016; 92: 41–50.

● 19. Knight R, Meeson RL. Feline head trauma: a CT analysis of skull fractures and their management in 75 cats. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 21: 1120–6.

● 20. Tundo I, Southerden P, Perry A, Haydock RM. Location and distribution of craniomaxillofacial fractures in 45 cats presented for the treatment of head trauma. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 21: 322–8.

● 21. Syring RS, Otto CM, Drobatz KJ. Hyperglycemia in dogs and cats with head trauma: 122 Cases (1997–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001; 218: 1124–9.

● 22. Rahbar E, Baer LA, Cotton BA, Holcomb JB, Wade CE. Plasma colloid osmotic pressure is an early indicator of injury and hemorrhagic shock. Shock 2014; 41: 181–7.

● 23. Torres Filho I, Torres LN, Sondeen JL, Polykratis IA, Dubick MA. In vivo evaluation of venular glycocalyx during hemorrhagic shock in rats using intravital microscopy. Microvasc Res 2013; 85: 128–33.

● 24. Albert V, Subramanian A, Agrawal D, Pati H, Gupta S, Mukhopadhyay A. Acute traumatic endotheliopathy in isolated severe brain injury and its impact on clinical outcome. Med Sci 2018; 6(1): e5. doi: 10.3390/medsci6010005.

● 25. Rodriguez GE, Cardenas JC, Cox CS, et al. Traumatic brain injury is associated with increased syndecan-1 shedding in severely injured patients. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2018; 26(1): e102. doi: 10.1186/s13049-018-0565-3

EVALUATION OF TRAUMA SCORING AND ENDOTHELIAL GLYCOCALYX INJURY IN CATS WITH HEAD TRAUMA

Authors

DOI:

Keywords:

Abstract

References

Downloads

Published

How to Cite

Issue

Section

License

Make a Submission

Information